Successful treatment of adult onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis with bi-weekly administration of pegylated interferon-α.

© 2014 The Authors. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1807 Journal Compilation © 2014 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterised by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells (LC) that predominantly occurs in infants and small children, but LCH is rare in adults (1). Generally in children, local therapy would be an appropriate treatment, since patients with localised disease or disease limited to a single organ system have a good prognosis (1). However, the clinical picture of LCH in adults is not fully understood and the optimal treatment for it is still under discussion. In this report, we describe a case of adult onset LCH successfully treated with bi-weekly pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)α2a and discuss the immunological background focusing on the tumour microenvironment immunologically.